Which step is least likely to help with the hazards of shift changes?

Permanently assigning day or night shifts can be considered the least likely step to help with the hazards of shift changes because it does not address the inherent challenges that come with transitioning between different shift patterns. In environments where shift work is common, such as healthcare, fluctuations between day and night shifts can disrupt circadian rhythms, leading to fatigue and decreased alertness.

While having fixed shifts might offer some stability for individual nurses, it does not mitigate the overall issues that arise from working irregular hours. Regular rotation of shifts, on the other hand, can help staff gradually adjust to changes. The other options, such as giving advance notice of schedules, maintaining regular schedules, and encouraging avoidance of substances like caffeine and alcohol, contribute positively by helping nurses prepare for their shifts and manage their health more effectively. This preparation can lead to better performance and less likelihood of hazards associated with shift changes.