Ambulatory Care Nurse Certification Practice Exam

The correct answer is the preconventional stage of Kohlberg's moral reasoning. In this initial stage, moral reasoning is primarily centered around the consequences of actions, specifically the avoidance of punishment and the pursuit of rewards. Children at this stage tend to make decisions based on the immediate outcomes rather than a broader understanding of societal rules or principles. They engage in behavior that they believe will not lead to punishment, reflecting a very basic level of moral development.

The other stages—conventional and postconventional—represent more advanced levels of moral reasoning. In the conventional stage, individuals begin to internalize societal norms and values, focusing on gaining approval from others and adhering to laws. The postconventional stage involves a more nuanced understanding of moral principles, where individuals recognize the importance of justice and human rights, often prioritizing ethical considerations above rules or laws. The term "ethical" does not correspond to a specific stage in Kohlberg's model and is more about personal philosophies of morality rather than a developmental stage.